Early+Modern+Period

The World Map Changes: Triggers for Change: The Big Changes: A New Global Economy: Biological Exchange: New Empires: Continuity: Impact on Daily Life: Work - 1434 - Port. extends expeditions on West Africa - 1509- First Spanish colonies of American mainland - || - Europeans are open to new developments from Arabs and Chinese; sugar trade expands in Americas - Christian missionaries become comfortable with Hindu or Confucian customs. - Europeans exercise disproportionate control over maritime trade in the Atlantic, Mediterranean, and somewhat in the Indian. - Continued rivalry between Muslims and Christians fueled European desires to find ways to trade with east Asia. - Relations between men and women adhered to previous standards. || **Movements like the renaissance focused on new styles and beliefs, which led to protestant reformation and catholic reformation. Muslim and Christian Rivalry continued.** || 1775 - American Revolution || -Native Americas are bombarded with germ, animals, manufactured goods, and Christianity with the arrival of the Europeans. - Syncretism is apparent with the mix of native and Christian beliefs and cultures. 1762-1796 - Reign of Catherine the Great 1613 - Romanov Dynasty || - Come into contact with Muslim and Jew minorities as they expand - Russia becomes an avid imitator of Western techniques and styles - but only at elite level of society 1453 - Fall of Constantinople 1722- Fall of Safavid Dynasty || - Ottomans include Jews and Christians in bureaucracy - Ottomans are put a lid on outside influence despite heavy interaction with other societies. - || - Women remain subordinate but their position is still advanced to that of their European counterparts. || **The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires all following the teachings of Islam as they expanded throughout their respective regions** || 1481- Port. El Mina established 1804- Dan Fodio leads Hausa expansions || - Aspects of religion and culture certainly mix with Christianity and Western customs. - Slave trade brings africa in global economy but devastates the African population and confidence. -Values of divine kinship remain. || **Since Africa's immersion into the slave trade and the global economy, the demographics of African nations changed as nations competed with each other; but their forms of government remained the same.** || 1526 - Babur's conquest of India 1556- Mughals reestablished in India || - Mughal emporers display interest in cultural contacts with different parts of Asia as well as the West -Mughal empire survives for many centuries with both Muslim and Hindu populations. ||  ||   || 1580s - Jesuits in China || - Chinese invention of the gunpowder takes on a vital role as they play a large part in the empire building efforts of Europe. - Bureaucracy and philosophy is maintained in China. || - Chinese merchants continue trade in Southeast Asia, encountering Europeans and Phillipinos at the port of Macao. - Chinese do not incorporate news ideas or technologies from new contacts (repress Christian missionary efforts) ||  ||
 * New empires replaces the existing small political units of the post-classical period.
 * Russian and Ottoman empires extend over both Russian and Asian territories.
 * Trades routes are expanded to the Americas and global networks are further strengthened.
 * The revival of empire building was evident - The rise of the Ottoman Turks epitomized this surge.
 * Progression of explorations by Europeans along the Atlantic Coast of Africa in order to find trade routes avoiding the muslim power.
 * New military technologies were also vital to expanding empires; especially gunpowder and guns, which were adopted by the Europeans to aid in both naval and land warfare.
 * Europeans still exercised disproportionate control over naval trade routes and used these military technologies to further expand their dominance.
 * Changes in world empires and trade routes + effects of new military technologies highlight the distinctive features of the early modern period.
 * International trade increased and America was included in this trade.
 * Various regions of the world were brought together and exposed to much more influences.
 * Foods from the Americas like corn and the potato began to be grown in Asia and Europe.
 * New foods and agricultural improvements result in population rise.
 * Population declines in the Americas due to foreign diseases result in increased migration.
 * Massive African slave trade was a response to labor shortage in America.
 * Considerable shifts in world power are observed; Western Europe and Russia gain considerable power
 * New economic and military agents and competitors challenge established societies
 * Systematic patterns of inequality appear, and Europe becomes more powerful by export processed goods and commercial services
 * Cultural stability described much of the world, and global contacts did not overturn regional cultural patterns.
 * Gender relations remain fairly similar, and established patterns withstand the test of time.
 * No major technological developments during this period, and guns only gradually begin taking a foothold.
 * Chinese and African societies stress the maintenance of tradition government and culture
 * Chines peasants were forced to pay taxes and silver; therefore pushing many into poverty.
 * Millions of Africans were taken from their homes and sold as slaves across the Atlantic Ocean.
 * Growing pressure to work harder; modern period becomes increasingly commercial and crowded.
 * Manufacturers and Landowners push their workers to produce at a faster pace.
 * Child labor increases as a result and apprenticeships increase.
 * The name "early modern" suggests political structures more similar to modern-day
 * Region || Major Events || Major Developments || Major Continuities || MI ||
 * Western Europe || - Expansion of missionary networks and efforts in Americas, Japan, and China.
 * Humanism/Secularism
 * Galileo's round world theory
 * Protestantism
 * Weakened papal authority
 * Printing press and flying shuttle (for weaving)
 * Superiority complex and disdain towards colonized peoples
 * Professionalized armies || - European superiority continous in cultural and social grounds
 * Americas || 1607- Permanent british settlement in Virginia.
 * Ranches and sugar plantations
 * Caste society (Sociedad de Castas)
 * Gold and silver mining
 * Hacienda system
 * Encomienda System
 * Triangular Trade
 * Dependence of slave labor || - America was put through serious transformation in this period; amost every aspect of life was transformed || ** Due to silver and gold veins present in the Americas, the area became the target of massive colonization and commercial efforts. Due to the interchange of culture, a dynamicism was created that forged a new society within the Americas. ** ||
 * Russia || 1462- Russia is freed from Tartars such as Ivan III
 * Cossacks
 * Succession of Romanovs
 * Westernization under Peter and Catherine the Great
 * Serfdom || - Westernization remains selective; therefore Russian customs remain alive with the lower classes. || **Russia's early developements focused on territorial expansion and strengthing tsarist rule. However they carefully picked what they wanted to influece them from western europe, mean while they managed to keep their customs.** ||
 * Middle East || 1571 - Battle of Lepanto
 * West Africa || 1652- Dutch colony at Cape of Good hope
 * Triangular Trade
 * Centralization
 * Ideas of anti-authoritarianism and self-sufficiency
 * Violent Islaminization
 * Division of Southern Africa between the non-Bantu and Bantu speaking tribes
 * Boer states || -Many men were seized as slaves in Africa, therefore encouraging African polygamy.
 * India || 1556-1605 - Reign of Akbar
 * China || 1368- Ming Dynasty begins
 * Japan || 1640s- Japan moves into isolation || - Before 16th Century, Japanese are receptive to firearms and Christianity, but after, Japanese leader seek to maintain feudal tradition and cut off contact with Europeans. || - Japanese make efforts to maintain old cultural and social values under to foriegn influence. || ** MI- Japanese except some aspects of Christianity but continue to maintain old culture values. ** ||

Chapters 16. The World Economy 17. The Transformation of the West 18. The Rise of Russia 19. Early Latin America 20. Africa and the Africans in the Slave Trade 21. Muslim Empires 22. Asian Transitions in an Age of Global Change