20th+Century+Nationalism


 * How does the introduction relate to the causes of WWI?
 * Secret treaties between nations played a huge role in the alliance system and in turn caused Europe to fall into chaos and turmoil. The document speaks of "secret covenants" and the dangers of such agreements as they do create tensions and animosity b/w nations.
 * What does Wilson suggest was the reason for American entry into the war?
 * Economic and political impacts of the war on the United States cause this war to happen, and the soviergnty of other nations were also infringed upon.
 * How would you summarize the main objectives of the 14 Points?
 * To establish peace and security in the world and to prevent all of the actions that resulted in the beginning of WWI. A warning for other nations to prevent the future instability of Europe.
 * How might the colonies of Britain and France react to the 14 points?
 * They would probably agree to some extent, but they would still demand for harsh punishment of Germany and Austria. The British and British lost many soldiers in this War, and they probably want reparations for the losses.



I See..... It Means....
 * A huge boiling pot
 * 5 men attempted to close the boiling pot....but the pressure is too great
 * Increasing tension in the region (Balkans)
 * The tension is increasing uncontrollably....and war is inevitable.
 * All nations attempted to prevent war, not successful
 * Triple Entite attempt to maintain peace....but the outcome is inevitable.

__The Nationalist Assault on the European Colonial Order__ __India: The Makings of the Nationalist Challenge to the British Raj__ __The Rise of Militant Nationalism__
 * MI: Four long years of intra-European slaughter severely disrupted the systems of colonial domination that had been expanded and refined in the century leading up to WWI. The conflict also gave great impetus to the forces of resistance that had begun to well up in the decades before the war.**
 * WWI causes war nations to industrially develop colonies for more efficient weapons manufacturing.
 * Irony in the fact that the subjugated peoples of Africa and Asia were ordered by their European landlords to fight for the freedom of other Europeans.
 * Europeans seemed vulnerable for the first time.
 * Europeans do not adhere to the pledges made during the war to allies, agitation continues
 * Colonies during the war take advantage of the situation and add to anti-colonial activities, establishing a solid base for resistance by the end of the war.
 * MI: Indian nationalist organizations begin taking form as the Western-educated elite begin anti-colonial movements.**
 * The indian nationalist movement pioneered patterns of nationalist change and European retreat.
 * Nationalist movements organized by Western-educated elite.
 * National Congress Party led India to independance - began originally as a form for educated Indians.
 * At first, the Congress's platform was dominated by elite-centered issues.
 * Common India identity emerged as a result of similar economic conditions.
 * MI:**
 * B. G. Tilak believed that nationalism should appeal to the majority of the population, Hindus, instead of a minority, Muslims
 * Worked to promote the restoration and revival of ancient traditions of Hinduism
 * Turned religious festivals into mass political demonstrations
 * Active throughout parts of India such as Bengal
 * Led by quasi-religious guru-style leaders
 * Focused on attacking British officials and buildings, but also attacked European civilians and collaborators
 * Defeated by British repressive measures before 1914 since they did not have the support of the people
 * The Morley-Minto reforms of 1909 allowed educated Indians with expanded opportunities to vote for and serve on local and all-India legislative councils
 * Rowlatt Act
 * Placed severe restrictions on Indian civilk rights
 * Offset the concession grant under MC reforms\


 * Mohandas Ghandi
 * A pre-eminent political and ideological leader that transformed localized protests into all-India campaigns against colonial overlords.
 * Utilized strategy called Satyagraha; a nonviolent approach for resistance, also known as "truth-force"
 * Powerful in the sense that it did not give the British a pretext to use brute military force to stop protests.

__Nationalist and Decolonization__
 * while WWI India wanted to be independent from Britain
 * Muslim league came and fought all the allies
 * Britain agreed to give India its independence
 * Later India created Pakistan for large Muslim party
 * Conflicts were settled
 * Muhammad Ali Jinnah became first president of Pakistan




 *  What is an Identity?
 *  An identity is what shapes who are and what you affiliate yourself with.
 *  How are our identities formed?
 *  Our identities are molded by our beliefs, our morals, our understanding of this world, and our environment.
 *  How does our identity influence the way we see ourselves and others?
 *  Identities force us to define ourselves and each other. They allow us to see others for who they really are, to look beyond mere bodily characteristics.
 *  What is conformity?
 *  Conformity is the definition of what is normal within a society. It is the values of a certain society and what those translate into.
 *  How does a society decide who belongs and who does not?
 * Ethical, cultural, and religious values helps us determine who is a good fit.
 *  How do our attitudes and beliefs influence our thinking?
 *  Our beliefs and attitudes are a part of our thinking, they shape how we think and why we think it.
 *  What does it mean to belong to a group?
 *  To share similar characteristics with a group of individuals with whom you feel comfortable with.
 *  How is membership defined and by whom is membership defined?
 * Membership is defined by an individual's similarity to the core values of a group and how close that individual is. Membership is decided by the general will of the group.

Middle East Africa The West